Differences in Participation in Physical Activity and Perceived Health Status by Degree of Visual Impairment

Evidence from the Korean National Disability Sports Survey

Abstract

Participation in physical activity is essential for maintaining physical and mental well-being among individuals with visual impairment (VI). Despite national efforts in South Korea to promote inclusive sports environments, disparities persist, particularly according to impairment severity. This study examined differences in physical activity behaviors, perceived health status, and participation-related factors among individuals with severe and mild VI. A total of 1,067 participants were analyzed. Exercise frequency and duration did not differ significantly between groups; however, individuals with severe VI reported lower exercise intensity. Walking or light running was the most common activity in both groups, while differences were observed in preferred activities, exercise settings, and companionship. Individuals with severe VI were more likely to rely on others, whereas those with mild VI tended to exercise independently. Perceived physical and mental health was significantly poorer among individuals with severe VI, including lower ratings of general health and higher depression and anxiety. Motivational factors also differed, with greater reliance on external encouragement in the severe VI group. Support needs differed by severity, particularly in terms of social support and information accessibility. These findings highlight the need for severity-specific interventions addressing differences in independence, support systems, and information access.